Geology, weather, satellite monitoring and natural hazard forecasting.
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Long-term records from the La Selva and El Verde field stations show more extreme heat days by 2024, while rainfall trends differ between the two sites, the authors report.
Researchers at National Cheng Kung University found that the SLS launch changed ionospheric electron density by amounts equivalent to GPS errors of several meters.
Models of mantle flow over the past billion years predict long uplift, then subsidence, of Laurentia, Baltica and North China. The authors say this fits the gap in the geological record.
Satellite records since 2001 show planted forests in temperate regions burned more often and over larger areas, but the effect varied by biome, from a near-threefold rise to an 18% drop.
Multi-year measurements in four ocean regions show that precipitation below cloud base depends on cloud type, not only on liquid water content.
Isotope data point to an organic carbon source, likely delivered by deep-sea landslides. The authors propose that earthquakes sustain carbonate formation in the hadal zone, which they treat as a carbon sink.
Researchers from Yale and Cornell trained models on Chinese data and applied them to South Korea and Iran; the authors propose the method for near-real-time tracking of industrial activity.
Oxygen isotopes in 121 limpet shells from Greece's Franchthi site found no extreme cold and no significant link between temperature and diet.
Teg 001 is a slowly cooled igneous rock whose composition, mineralogy and texture differ from other Martian meteorites. It shows signs of reactions with fluids.
Micro-CT of an 18 mm amber piece from northern Myanmar showed a muscle ring at the break, which the authors say excludes accidental breakage.
A modelling study covering 854 cities in 30 countries attributes about 65% of estimated summer heat-related excess deaths to human-caused climate warming.
Fossils of the Early Cretaceous Paja Formation in Colombia show a complex food web with many apex predators. The authors suggest major evolutionary shifts can occur without a mass extinction.
A Nature Communications study of 100 simulations found that AMOC weakening first deepens the North Atlantic cold anomaly, then lets it fade, driven by air and clouds.
KNMI analysed CMIP6 simulations extending to 2300–2500: the share of runs with AMOC failure by 2300 is 25–70%, depending on emissions. These are shares of model runs, not a forecast.
In lab runs at 1,200–1,400 °C, hydrogen reduced nearly 80% of iron oxide in silicate rock to metal, releasing water vapor; the authors propose a source of Earth's water.
Electron deployed the WADATSUMI-II synthetic aperture radar satellite for Japan's iQPS, Rocket Lab's 20th mission of 2026.
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