# TOI-2535b, a hot Jupiter, vanished from TESS transits over 7 years of data

- Published: 2026-11-10 23:47 UTC
- Section: Sky & Space › Astronomy
- Tags: TOI-2535b, hot Jupiter, vanishing transits, TESS photometry, transit timing variations, transit duration variations, NEID radial velocity, mean-motion resonance, orbital precession, exoplanet
- URL: https://realtech.media/news/rt-1e8f2ff655978efbe37c8e4c_toi_2535b_a/

**The transit chord of TOI-2535b moved off the stellar disk. Per TESS and NEID data, the authors link this to a nearby, mutually inclined planet in resonance.**

![TOI-2535b, a hot Jupiter, vanished from TESS transits over 7 years of data](https://realtech.media/media/2026/11/5fdfa2a557a0804e.webp)
*futurezone.de*

A team of astronomers has reported the hot Jupiter TOI-2535b, the first confirmed planet orbiting a single star whose transits have been directly observed to disappear. The work was published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters. The authors used more than 7 years of photometry from NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) [1].

Over this period, the planet's transit chord crossed the stellar disk and eventually moved off it entirely. The impact parameter changed at a rate of 0.16 per year [1]. A transit is visible only when the planet's orbit is aligned with our line of sight, and here that alignment proved temporary, according to the authors [1].

## Timing and duration variations

The transit midtimes also depart significantly from a linear ephemeris, by about ±6 hours [1]. The researchers modeled the transit timing variations (TTVs) and transit duration variations (TDVs) jointly with radial-velocity data from the NEID spectrograph [1].

The modeling indicates a nearby planetary perturber whose orbit is mutually inclined to that of TOI-2535b by about 5 degrees or more [1]. According to the authors, the duration variations are driven mainly by precession of the planets' orbital planes [1].

## A second giant planet in resonance

The dynamical modeling suggests that the perturber is likely of Saturn mass or greater and is in a mean-motion resonance with TOI-2535b [1]. This makes the system unusual, since it contains two short-period giant planets [1].

The authors describe the TDVs measured for TOI-2535b as one of the most extreme examples of planet–planet interactions driving orbital evolution on human timescales [1]. The perturber is inferred from timing, duration and radial-velocity modeling rather than from its own transits [1].

## Sources

1. [The Astrophysical Journal Letters](https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aeb4a4)
2. [futurezone.de](https://www.futurezone.de/science/article763044/verschwindender-planet-forscher-machen-ueberraschende-entdeckung.html)

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Source: RealTech, realtech.media — https://realtech.media/news/rt-1e8f2ff655978efbe37c8e4c_toi_2535b_a/